陳鍾誠

Node.js 存取 MongoDB

MongoDB – 安裝與啟動

下載完成後使用『下一步』大法即可完成安裝。

安裝完成之後，在 windows 下必須設定系統路徑，我的路徑在：『C:\Program Files\MongoDB\Server\3.0\bin』當中。

接著請啟動命令列，然後在目前資料夾下建立資料庫路徑 db ，接著輸入下列指令。

D:\>mkdir db

D:\db>mongod --dbpath db

此時 mongodb 伺服器就會啟動完成。

D:\db>mongo
MongoDB shell version: 3.0.2
connecting to: test

接著您就可以使用指令進行『新增/修改/刪除/查詢』了。

新增操作

參考： http://www.w3cschool.cc/mongodb/mongodb-insert.html

> db.user.insert({user:"CCC", password:"123"})
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> db.user.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("55486b1327403e89a3cc397a"), "user" : "ccc", "password" : "123" }
> db.user.insert({user:"snoopy", password:"321"})
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> db.user.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("55486b1327403e89a3cc397a"), "user" : "ccc", "password" : "123" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("55487073434ed6d677f8454d"), "user" : "snoopy", "password" : "321" }

修改操作

參考： http://www.w3cschool.cc/mongodb/mongodb-update.html

> db.user.update({"user":"snoopy"}, {"user":"snoopy", "password":"snoopy321"})
WriteResult({ "nMatched" : 1, "nUpserted" : 0, "nModified" : 1 })
> db.user.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("55486b1327403e89a3cc397a"), "user" : "ccc", "password" : "123" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("55487073434ed6d677f8454d"), "user" : "snoopy", "password" : "snoopy321" }

刪除操作

參考： http://www.w3cschool.cc/mongodb/mongodb-remove.html

> db.user.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("55486b1327403e89a3cc397a"), "user" : "ccc", "password" : "123" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("55487073434ed6d677f8454d"), "user" : "snoopy", "password" : "snoopy321" }
> db.user.remove({user:"ccc"})
WriteResult({ "nRemoved" : 1 })
> db.user.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("55487073434ed6d677f8454d"), "user" : "snoopy", "password" : "snoopy321" }

查詢操作

參考： http://www.w3cschool.cc/mongodb/mongodb-update.html

> db.user.insert({user:"garfield", password:"cookie"})
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> db.user.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("55487073434ed6d677f8454d"), "user" : "snoopy", "password" : "snoopy321" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("55487d09434ed6d677f8454e"), "user" : "garfield", "password": "cookie" }
> db.user.find({user:"garfield"})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("55487d09434ed6d677f8454e"), "user" : "garfield", "password": "cookie" }
> db.user.find({user:"snoopy"})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("55487073434ed6d677f8454d"), "user" : "snoopy", "password" :"snoopy321" }

條件式查詢

參考： http://www.w3cschool.cc/mongodb/mongodb-operators.html

> db.users.find({age :{$gt : 8}})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("55487ecd3c69cbdeba209fb3"), "name" : "ccc", "age" : 45, "password" : "321" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("55487eed3c69cbdeba209fb5"), "name" : "garfield", "age" : 9,"password" : "garfield123" }
> db.users.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("55487ecd3c69cbdeba209fb3"), "name" : "ccc", "age" : 45, "password" : "321" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("55487ede3c69cbdeba209fb4"), "name" : "snoopy", "age" : 5, "password" : "snoopy123" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("55487eed3c69cbdeba209fb5"), "name" : "garfield", "age" : 9, "password" : "garfield123" }
> db.users.find().limit(2)
{ "_id" : ObjectId("55487ecd3c69cbdeba209fb3"), "name" : "ccc", "age" : 45, "password" : "321" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("55487ede3c69cbdeba209fb4"), "name" : "snoopy", "age" : 5, "password" : "snoopy123" }
> db.users.find().limit(2).skip(1)
{ "_id" : ObjectId("55487ede3c69cbdeba209fb4"), "name" : "snoopy", "age" : 5, "password" : "snoopy123" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("55487eed3c69cbdeba209fb5"), "name" : "garfield", "age" : 9,"password" : "garfield123" }

排序與索引

> db.users.find().sort({age:1})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("55487ede3c69cbdeba209fb4"), "name" : "snoopy", "age" : 5, "password" : "snoopy123" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("55487eed3c69cbdeba209fb5"), "name" : "garfield", "age" : 9,"password" : "garfield123" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("55487ecd3c69cbdeba209fb3"), "name" : "ccc", "age" : 45, "password" : "321" }
> db.users.find().sort({age:-1})
{ "_id" : ObjectId("55487ecd3c69cbdeba209fb3"), "name" : "ccc", "age" : 45, "password" : "321" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("55487eed3c69cbdeba209fb5"), "name" : "garfield", "age" : 9,"password" : "garfield123" }
{ "_id" : ObjectId("55487ede3c69cbdeba209fb4"), "name" : "snoopy", "age" : 5, "password" : "snoopy123" }
> db.users.ensureIndex({name:1})
{
        "createdCollectionAutomatically" : false,
        "numIndexesBefore" : 1,
        "numIndexesAfter" : 2,
        "ok" : 1
}

離開

> quit()

D:\db>

日期與時間操作

> db.filelog.insert({path:'wd.html', time:new Date()})
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
> db.filelog.find()
{ "_id" : ObjectId("571d78c179eb77457f34a8b5"), "path" : "wd.html", "time" : ISO
Date("2016-04-25T01:54:09.026Z") }
>

習題

請安裝好 mongodb 資料庫，並用 mongod 啟動伺服器之後，用 mongo 指令開始新增資料，並且玩玩資料庫《新增、修改、刪除、查詢》的動作，直到你能熟練地進行這些操作為止。
請建立一個自己想要用的資料庫 (像是通訊錄、字典….)等等，然後用編輯器(像是 notepad++) 編寫一堆資料後，寫程式將資料倒進該資料庫中！

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