數學的語言
證明的體系
- definition (定義)
- 符號的意義，通常用來描述某種數學語法，像是 lim,∑,∫,…]
- axiom (公理)
- 假定,公設 — 作為自明之理，在歐氏幾何原本中使用 postulate 也是這個意思。
- proposition (命題)
- 一個等待證明的假設或算式，一但證明完畢就成為定理 (Theorem)
- corollary
- a proposition inferred immediately from a proved proposition with little or no additional proof
- lemma (引理)
- an auxiliary proposition used in the demonstration of another proposition
- theorem (定理)
- a formula, proposition, or statement in mathematics or logic deduced or to be deduced from other formulas or propositions
標記符號念法
| 符號 | 念法 |
|---|
$\hat{a}$ | a hat |
$\tilde{a}$ | a tilde |
$\bar{a}$ | a bar |
$\dot{a}$ | a dot |
| f ' | f prime |
$a_k$ | a sub k |
$a^k$ | a sup k |
$a \over b$ | a over b |
| ⋆ | star |
| ∧ | wedge |
| ∨ | vee |
| ∀ | forall |