陳鍾誠

Version 1.0

git / github 的用法

最新

github 從 2021 年八月開始強制安裝 ssh key 提升安全性了，設定 ssh 的方法請參考下列文章:

$ ssh-keygen -t rsa -C "your_email@example.com"

Generating public/private rsa key pair.
# Enter file in which to save the key (/c/Users/you/.ssh/id_rsa): [Press enter]

$ cat /c/Users/you/.ssh/id_rsa/id_rsa.pub

複製到剪貼版，然後到

 https://github.com/settings/keys

選 New SSH key 按鈕，創建新的 SSH key

貼進去，就完成了！

您可以放很多 SSH key，每台你用的電腦都產生一次 key 是 OK 的！ (公用電腦比較不方便，因為私鑰可能會外流)

安裝

$ git
usage: git [--version] [--help] [-C <path>] [-c name=value]
           [--exec-path[=<path>]] [--html-path] [--man-path] [--info-path]
           [-p | --paginate | --no-pager] [--no-replace-objects] [--bare]
           [--git-dir=<path>] [--work-tree=<path>] [--namespace=<name>]
           <command> [<args>]

...

基本用法

下載專案

$ git clone https://github.com/xxxxxxx/xxx.git
... 若你是修改後還要推回的，xxxxxxx 應該是你自己的帳號 ...
... 若只是要 clone 老師的，那 xxxxxx 應該是 cccnqu ...

$ cd xxx  註: 切換到 clone 的資料夾 xxx 當中

… 接著加入一些新檔案，或者修改某些檔案後 …

將專案推回

$ git add -A
$ git commit -m "xxxxxxxx"
$ git push origin master
Username : xxxxxx    <-- 輸入你的帳號 (github 上的)
Password :           <-- 輸入你的密碼
注意：在 Password 裡你打任何字，都不會印出來 (也不會印 * 號)，這是正常的。 (不要覺得為何打了沒反應 ....)
...

如果你是第一次在自己電腦上用 git push，那麼必須要先設定自己的 email 和 name， name 必須是 github 上的帳號。

$ git config --global user.email "xxxxx@gmail.com"
$ git config --global user.name "xxxxx"

git push 失敗時的處理

在 Mac 上若沒問密碼且推不上去，很可能是裡面已經有設 ssh 證書，請用下列指令清掉。

$ git credential-osxkeychain erase
host=github.com
protocol=https
<press return>

參考 – https://docs.github.com/en/github/using-git/updating-credentials-from-the-macos-keychain

如果 github 上的版本比你 local 的新，那麼可能會有訊息提示，此時可以用 pull 把遠端新的資料拉下來，指令如下：

$ git pull origin master

在 WINDOWS 底下，可以用 控制台\所有控制台項目\認證管理員\WINDOWS 認證 去刪除 GITHUB 的證書，然後再重新 push 就行了!

與老師的專案同步

$ git remote add upstream git://github.com/cccnqu/wd106b.git
$ git fetch upstream
$ git pull upstream master

再推回你自己的 github 中

$ git push origin master

用 github 架站 – github pages

最新作法請參考 – https://pages.github.com/

以下是舊的做法，應該還是可以用：

到你 github 專案的 setting (例如 https://github.com/ccckmit/wd107b/settings ) 裏，找到 GitHub Pages 那一段，在 source 點選成 master branch ，然後該頁會從新整理後，出現一個像 https://ccckmit.github.io/wd107b/ 這樣的網址，這樣你的網站就公開在網路上了。

接著將路徑（例如exercise/ccc.html）補在公開站後面，變成 https://ccckmit.github.io/wd107b/exercise/ccc.html ，這樣就可以看到網頁了！

圖形介面

合作開發

使用 fork 之後，必須將對方設為 upstream 才能更新

$ git remote add upstream https://github.com/ccc-js/pos.git

$ git remote -v
origin  https://github.com/ccckmit/pos.git (fetch)
origin  https://github.com/ccckmit/pos.git (push)
upstream        https://github.com/ccc-js/pos.git (fetch)
upstream        https://github.com/ccc-js/pos.git (push)

$ git fetch upstream
remote: Enumerating objects: 1, done.
remote: Counting objects: 100% (1/1), done.
remote: Total 1 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 0
Unpacking objects: 100% (1/1), done.
From https://github.com/ccc-js/pos
   e5bb420..85730a0  master     -> upstream/master

$ git checkout uptream/master
Switched to branch 'uptream/master'

$ git checkout -b developLoginUi
Switched to a new branch 'developLoginUi'

$ git status
On branch developLoginUi
nothing to commit, working tree clean

然後完成 developLoginUi，之後用

$ git push origin developLoginUi 推回自己的 repository

接著發送 pull request 請求合併！

注意

Github 即將停用帳號密碼的使用方式！

August 13, 2021 之後必須改用 a personal access token over HTTPS (recommended) or SSH key

加入 SSH Key 的方法請參考

我的操作紀錄

user@DESKTOP-96FRN6B MINGW64 /d/pmedia (master)
$ ssh-keygen
Generating public/private rsa key pair.
Enter file in which to save the key (/c/Users/user/.ssh/id_rsa): 
Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): 
Enter same passphrase again: 
Your identification has been saved in /c/Users/user/.ssh/id_rsa
Your public key has been saved in /c/Users/user/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
The key fingerprint is:
SHA256:sWztE0EertWjeiSXszustnhNi6FeQdJTfqc/CIaNVfU user@DESKTOP-96FRN6B
The key's randomart image is:
+---[RSA 3072]----+
|          + ...  |
|       . * +   . |
|      . = B + . E|
|       + % = +   |
|        S % .    |
|       ..O.= o   |
|       .o*=.. o  |
|      .o+.=o   . |
|     .oooo..     |
+----[SHA256]-----+

user@DESKTOP-96FRN6B MINGW64 /d/pmedia (master)
$ cat /c/Users/user/.ssh/id_rsa.pub
ssh-rsa xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx

user@DESKTOP-96FRN6B MINGW64 /d/pmedia (master)
$ cd /d/

user@DESKTOP-96FRN6B MINGW64 /d
$ mkdir test
mkdir: cannot create directory ‘test’: File exists

user@DESKTOP-96FRN6B MINGW64 /d
$ cd test

user@DESKTOP-96FRN6B MINGW64 /d/test
$ ls
ai107b  db  recommandGoodFor.png  recommandGoodFor.txt  sp  tktim  wwt3399  zz

user@DESKTOP-96FRN6B MINGW64 /d/test
$ git clone git@github.com:ccckmit/testsshkey.git
Cloning into 'testsshkey'...
The authenticity of host 'github.com (13.114.40.48)' can't be established.
RSA key fingerprint is SHA256:nThbg6kXUpJWGl7E1IGOCspRomTxdCARLviKw6E5SY8.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no/[fingerprint])? yes
Warning: Permanently added 'github.com,13.114.40.48' (RSA) to the list of known hosts.
Enter passphrase for key '/c/Users/user/.ssh/id_rsa': 
remote: Enumerating objects: 3, done.
remote: Counting objects: 100% (3/3), done.
remote: Total 3 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 0
Receiving objects: 100% (3/3), done.

user@DESKTOP-96FRN6B MINGW64 /d/test
$ ls
ai107b  db  recommandGoodFor.png  recommandGoodFor.txt  sp  testsshkey  tktim  wwt3399  zz

user@DESKTOP-96FRN6B MINGW64 /d/test
$ cd testsshkey

user@DESKTOP-96FRN6B MINGW64 /d/test/testsshkey (main)
$ ls
README.md

user@DESKTOP-96FRN6B MINGW64 /d/test/testsshkey (main)
$ echo hello > hello.md

user@DESKTOP-96FRN6B MINGW64 /d/test/testsshkey (main)
$ ls
hello.md  README.md

user@DESKTOP-96FRN6B MINGW64 /d/test/testsshkey (main)
$ git add -A
warning: LF will be replaced by CRLF in hello.md.
The file will have its original line endings in your working directory

user@DESKTOP-96FRN6B MINGW64 /d/test/testsshkey (main)
$ git commit -m "add hello.md"
[main 6467cd3] add hello.md
 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+)
 create mode 100644 hello.md

user@DESKTOP-96FRN6B MINGW64 /d/test/testsshkey (main)
$ git push origin master
error: src refspec master does not match any
error: failed to push some refs to 'github.com:ccckmit/testsshkey.git'

user@DESKTOP-96FRN6B MINGW64 /d/test/testsshkey (main)
$ git push origin main
Warning: Permanently added the RSA host key for IP address '52.192.72.89' to the list of known hosts.
Enter passphrase for key '/c/Users/user/.ssh/id_rsa': 
Enumerating objects: 4, done.
Counting objects: 100% (4/4), done.
Delta compression using up to 4 threads
Compressing objects: 100% (2/2), done.
Writing objects: 100% (3/3), 272 bytes | 38.00 KiB/s, done.
Total 3 (delta 0), reused 0 (delta 0), pack-reused 0
To github.com:ccckmit/testsshkey.git
   e8696aa..6467cd3  main -> main

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